I used to hear this a lot, "So is Pilates a kind of yoga?" Nope, no it's not, and the explanation of the differences is another blog entirely, but one of the primary differences is that it's not ancient. The fact that it is not ancient is what makes it even more accessible. While it's too late to train with the man himself, it is still possible to work with people who have been worked out by or worked with him, which is pretty amazing.
In the years that I have been teaching, more has been discovered about this remarkable innovator. Here is my attempt to put it all together.
Joseph H. Pilates was born sometime in 1880's in Mönchengladbach, Germany. His father was a prize-winning gymnast of Greek ancestry, and his mother a naturopath. In his youth, he suffered from asthma, rickets, and rheumatic fever. One source that I have read says that his last name prompted the kids at school to call him a "Jesus killer" which caused many fights. Since he was so scrawny and didn't fare well in these fights, he dedicated his life to improving his health and his physical strength.
I also read somewhere that a family physician gave him an anatomy book: "I learned every page, every part of the body; I would move each part as I memorized it. As a child, I would lie in the woods for hours, hiding and watching the animals move, how the mother taught the young." He studied both Eastern and Western forms of exercise including yoga, Zen, and ancient Greek and Roman regimens. By the time he was 14 he had developed his body to the point that he was modelling for anatomy charts.
It could be both of these things, or part of none of it could be true.
When he moved to England in 1912, he earned a living as a professional boxer, circus-performer, and self-defense trainer at police schools and Scotland Yard. Nevertheless, the British authorities interned him during World War I along with other German citizens in a camp on the Isle of Man. Not many of my students even know what an interment camp is. A handful of people come to me and tell me that they heard that Pilates was in prison. Let me break it down for you to dispel the myth. The Isle of Mann is an island in the Irish Sea between Ireland and Great Britain. During World War I, people who were from "enemy combatant" countries we detained there. At first, when I pictured this, I thought of concentration camps. Horrifying. It turns out that on the Isle of Mann, people were allowed to do pretty much what they wanted, they were fed, they were taken good care of a led comfortable lives. They just couldn't leave. It was during this involuntary break, he began to intensively develop his concept of an integrated, comprehensive system of physical exercise, which he himself called "Contrology." He studied yoga and the movements of animals and trained his fellow inmates in fitness and exercises. The legend is that that these inmates survived the great pandemic of 1918 due to their good physical shape which was a result of exercising with Joseph Pilates.
Call me crazy, but sometimes I think, "How nice! I wish someone would put a roof over my head and feed me so that I can develop my own system of exercise." I know, it's naive.
After the war (WWI), he returned to Germany and collaborated with important experts in dance and physical exercise such as Rudolf Laban. In Hamburg, he also trained police officers. When he was pressured to train members of the German army, he left his native country, disappointed with its political and social conditions, and emigrated to the United States.
The year 1925 is the approximate time when Pilates migrated to the United States. It is thought that he was brought over by a boxing promoter to train boxers in his method. On the ship to America, he met his future partner Clara. I recently attended a presentation by Ken Endleman, the founder of Balanced Body (a great guy if you ever have the chance to meet him). He has been doing some research on his own and discovered that there is no official record of Joseph and Clara ever actually marrying. Is has long been assumed that Clara was his second wife. Ken's research finds that Clara may have actually been his third wife, if they married at all. What a cad!
In truth, it's really none of our business, and we always talk about him nowadays as a man before his time...maybe he was just setting a future trend for eternal cohabitation. I digress.
The couple founded a studio in New York City and directly taught and supervised their students well into the 1960s. Joseph and Clara Pilates soon established a devout following in the local dance and the performing-arts community of New York. Opera singer Roberta Peters, well-known dancers such as George Balanchine and Martha Graham became devotees and regularly sent their students to the studio for training and rehabilitation.
Joseph Pilates wrote two books, that we know of: Return to Life through Contrology and Your Health. He was also a prolific inventor, with over 26 patents cited.
Joseph Pilates died in 1967 at the age of 84 in New York. I used to tell, which great dramatic flair, the story I heard of how he died of complications from a fire in his studio. In the tale that I was told, Joseph went to the studio to rescue his equipment and fell through the floor. When the firemen arrived, they found him hanging from a rafter by his hands and he had been there for hours! That just goes to show that you can't believe everything that you hear. I just came across this quote from Mary Bowen several places on the Internet:
"The Fire" - People often ask me "Did Joe Pilates die in a fire?" One woman in London where I was giving a workshop at the Pilates Foundation of UK last May said she had read that it was so in The New York Times. To set the record straight - no, Joe did not die in a fire. He died two years later, in 1967, of advanced emphysema from smoking cigars for too many years (which he took up out of disappointment that he wasn't taken more seriously by the powers that be, especially physicians, during his lifetime). His personal friend, Evelyn de la Tour, shared that with me. There was a fire in 1965 in the storage room at the back of his floor. The studio and his and Clara's apartment were in the front of the building and were undamaged. Bruce King had an apartment near the storage room. He had to move out due to severe smoke damage. The day after the fire Joe went to inspect the extent of loss to his possessions in the storage room and one of his feet fell through a hole in the floor scrapping his leg. That was the extent of his injury from the fire.
That just goes to show you, you can't believe everything you hear.
My mentor, as a joke, told someone in teacher training that Eve Gentry died doing Eve's lunge. A spring snapped and hit her in the jugular. Within a week, all of the teacher training students were retelling the story with passion.
I will be really intrigued to see what truths and what myths survive about Joseph Pilates a century from now. He will probably have a harem and will have been able to fly.
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